Animal-assisted activity among patients with cancer: effects on mood, fatigue, self-perceived health, and sense of coherence.

PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To identify to what extent an animal-assisted activity (i.e., visits with a dog) affects the mood, self-perceived health, and sense of coherence among patients undergoing radiation therapy. DESIGN Pretest/post-test between and within groups. SETTING Radiation oncology units of two hospitals in a mid-sized, midwestern city. SAMPLE 30 adult patients undergoing nonpalliative radiation therapy. METHODS After giving informed consent, participants were randomly assigned to receive 12 dog visits, 12 human visits, or 12 quiet reading sessions over a four-week period. FINDINGS No statistically significant differences were found; however, compared with others their age, patients receiving dog visits viewed their health as improved over the four-week period. Participants described each of the three activities as beneficial. The study is primarily useful as a basis for planning additional research. CONCLUSIONS The study warrants replication with a larger sample to determine applicability of animal-assisted activity in patients with cancer who are undergoing radiation therapy. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Patients may want and express benefit from animal-assisted activity dog visits, but the outcomes of the visits may not be measureable. Nurses should assess to what extent patients believe that such visits are beneficial by asking them. The visits may be valued by patients as helping to relieve their anxiety and as distractions from their disease and therapy.